Complete Guide to Japan’s Famous Onsen Towns

Japan is celebrated for its onsen (hot spring) culture, where visitors can experience the therapeutic benefits of hot spring bathing amidst breathtaking natural landscapes. Each onsen town has its unique features, from historical bathhouses to stunning open-air baths surrounded by nature. This guide will take you through Japan’s most famous onsen towns, helping you choose the best places for relaxation, culture, and rejuvenation.

Read on to discover everything you need to know to experience Japan’s renowned onsen culture to the fullest, from scenic towns and unique hot springs to cultural highlights and local delicacies.

1. Hakone Onsen – Kanagawa Prefecture

2. Kusatsu Onsen – Gunma Prefecture

3. Beppu Onsen – Oita Prefecture

4. Noboribetsu Onsen – Hokkaido

5. Ginzan Onsen – Yamagata Prefecture

1. Hakone Onsen – Kanagawa Prefecture

Just a short train ride from Tokyo, Hakone Onsen offers not only hot springs but also stunning views of Mount Fuji and Lake Ashi. Hakone is known for its variety of onsen types, with options ranging from traditional ryokan baths to public bathhouses and even theme park-style hot springs.

Visitors can stay at classic ryokan inns, where hot spring baths are a central feature, or take advantage of the many day-use onsen facilities. Additionally, Hakone has a vibrant art scene, with attractions like the Hakone Open-Air Museum and the Pola Museum of Art nearby. For nature lovers, Hakone's cable cars, hiking trails, and lake cruises offer excellent ways to explore the scenic beauty of the area.

2. Kusatsu Onsen – Gunma Prefecture

Kusatsu Onsen is one of Japan’s most famous hot springs, known for its highly acidic, mineral-rich waters that are said to have numerous health benefits. Located in the mountains of Gunma Prefecture, Kusatsu Onsen is ideal for travelers seeking both scenic beauty and traditional Japanese onsen culture.

The town's centerpiece is the Yubatake (hot water field), where hot spring water flows through wooden channels, cooling naturally before reaching the surrounding bathhouses. Kusatsu also hosts the famous Yumomi performance, where locals demonstrate traditional water-cooling techniques using large wooden paddles. With a variety of outdoor and indoor baths, Kusatsu is perfect for experiencing Japan’s onsen heritage.

3. Beppu Onsen – Oita Prefecture

Beppu Onsen on Kyushu island is known for its diversity of hot spring experiences, offering everything from sand baths to mud baths. Beppu has eight hot spring areas collectively called the "Beppu Hatto," each with its unique characteristics.

A visit to Beppu wouldn’t be complete without exploring the “Hells of Beppu” – a group of hot springs that are too hot for bathing but are visually captivating. Beppu also offers "Jigoku Mushi" cuisine, where food is steamed over hot spring vents for a unique culinary experience. The town’s combination of relaxation, sightseeing, and culinary exploration makes Beppu a must-visit destination for any onsen enthusiast.

4. Noboribetsu Onsen – Hokkaido

Noboribetsu Onsen is one of Hokkaido’s premier onsen towns, located within the scenic Jigokudani, or "Hell Valley," where volcanic steam rises from the earth in a dramatic display. Noboribetsu is known for its unique mineral springs, which offer a range of therapeutic benefits for skin and muscle health.

Visitors to Noboribetsu can enjoy a variety of baths, from large public onsen to private hot spring pools within traditional ryokan. Hell Valley offers scenic walking trails that pass by fumaroles and steaming hot springs, providing an immersive experience in this volcanic landscape. For travelers seeking both relaxation and natural beauty, Noboribetsu is an ideal choice.

5. Ginzan Onsen – Yamagata Prefecture

Ginzan Onsen in Yamagata Prefecture is famous for its beautiful historic townscape, where Taisho-era buildings line the river. Particularly stunning in winter when snow blankets the town, Ginzan Onsen offers visitors a chance to experience a traditional onsen setting with a distinctly nostalgic feel.

Ginzan’s hot springs are known for their soft, skin-friendly waters. The town is also home to several public bathhouses and ryokan with private baths, allowing visitors to enjoy the hot springs at their own pace. With its serene atmosphere and picturesque streets, Ginzan Onsen is perfect for travelers looking to experience a more intimate side of Japan’s onsen culture.

Japan’s onsen towns offer a truly unique experience, combining relaxation, scenic beauty, and cultural immersion. From the historic charm of Ginzan Onsen to the diverse springs of Beppu, each town has something special to offer, making them all worthwhile additions to any Japan travel itinerary. Whether you’re soaking in an open-air bath surrounded by nature or exploring a town rich in history, Japan’s onsen culture promises a memorable experience that rejuvenates both body and spirit.