Sushi is one of Japan's most iconic and beloved dishes, known worldwide for its delicate flavors, fresh ingredients, and beautiful presentation. In Japan, sushi is both a traditional art form and a staple of Japanese cuisine, with a rich history that dates back centuries. From casual sushi bars to high-end omakase experiences, sushi is enjoyed by locals and visitors alike across Japan. Learning about the different types of sushi, dining etiquette, and must-try places can greatly enhance your sushi experience in Japan.
This guide explores the different types of sushi, the key points of sushi etiquette, and some top recommendations for sushi restaurants in Japan.
1. Types of Sushi
Sushi comes in a variety of styles, each with its own ingredients, preparation techniques, and cultural significance. Here are some of the most popular types of sushi you’ll encounter in Japan:
Nigiri (握り寿司)
Nigiri is the most common type of sushi, consisting of a small oval-shaped mound of rice topped with a slice of raw fish or other seafood. The rice is often seasoned with a hint of vinegar and sometimes brushed with soy sauce. Popular toppings include tuna, salmon, shrimp, eel, and squid. Nigiri is typically served in pairs and can also include non-fish toppings like tamago (sweet omelet).
Sashimi (刺身)
While not technically sushi since it lacks rice, sashimi is often enjoyed alongside sushi. Sashimi consists of thinly sliced raw fish or seafood, often served with garnishes like daikon radish, shiso leaves, and wasabi. Popular sashimi options include tuna, salmon, yellowtail, and octopus. It’s enjoyed for its pure flavor and fresh taste.
Maki (巻き寿司)
Maki, or rolled sushi, is made by rolling fish and vegetables in rice and seaweed (nori) using a bamboo mat. The roll is then sliced into bite-sized pieces. Common types of maki include hosomaki (thin rolls with one ingredient, like cucumber or tuna), and futomaki (thicker rolls with multiple fillings). Maki is a versatile and visually appealing type of sushi, often served in sets.
Temaki (手巻き寿司)
Temaki, or hand rolls, are cone-shaped sushi rolls made with nori wrapped around rice and various fillings. Temaki is meant to be eaten by hand and is popular for its casual and easy-to-eat nature. Common fillings include tuna, salmon, cucumber, and avocado. Temaki is a favorite at sushi parties and is ideal for sharing with friends and family.
Chirashi (ちらし寿司)
Chirashi, or “scattered sushi,” is a type of sushi where various ingredients, such as slices of sashimi, vegetables, and tamago, are scattered over a bowl of sushi rice. Chirashi is popular for its colorful presentation and variety of flavors, offering a more relaxed way to enjoy sushi ingredients without the formality of individual pieces.
2. Sushi Etiquette
When dining at a sushi restaurant in Japan, following certain etiquette can enhance your experience and show respect to the chef and the establishment. Here are some essential sushi etiquette tips:
Use Hands or Chopsticks
You can eat sushi with either your hands or chopsticks, depending on the type of sushi and your personal preference. Nigiri and maki can be eaten with hands, while sashimi is traditionally eaten with chopsticks. If you’re unsure, you can observe other diners or ask the chef.
Soy Sauce Etiquette
When dipping sushi in soy sauce, lightly dip the fish side rather than the rice side to prevent the rice from falling apart. Avoid over-dipping, as too much soy sauce can overpower the delicate flavors of the sushi. For nigiri, some chefs pre-season the sushi, so you may not need soy sauce.
Use Wasabi Sparingly
Many sushi chefs already place wasabi between the rice and the fish, so adding extra wasabi to soy sauce is usually unnecessary. If you want more wasabi, you can ask the chef to add a bit more directly to your sushi.
Eat in One Bite
Each piece of sushi is meant to be eaten in one bite to fully experience the balance of flavors. Chefs carefully design each piece with the right proportions of rice and fish, so savoring it in a single bite is ideal.
Enjoy Pickled Ginger as a Palate Cleanser
The pickled ginger (gari) served with sushi is meant to cleanse the palate between different types of sushi. It’s not typically added to the sushi itself. Eating ginger between bites allows you to appreciate the subtle flavors of each piece.
3. Must-Try Sushi Places in Japan
Japan is home to some of the world’s best sushi restaurants, from high-end establishments to casual sushi bars. Here are a few renowned sushi spots to try on your visit:
Sukiyabashi Jiro (Tokyo)
Perhaps the most famous sushi restaurant in the world, Sukiyabashi Jiro in Tokyo’s Ginza district is led by sushi master Jiro Ono. This three-Michelin-star restaurant offers a meticulously crafted omakase experience, where each piece of sushi is carefully prepared to highlight the natural flavors of the fish. Due to its popularity, reservations can be challenging, but for serious sushi lovers, dining at Sukiyabashi Jiro is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
Sushi Dai (Tokyo, Tsukiji Outer Market)
Sushi Dai, located near the Tsukiji Outer Market, is known for its fresh, high-quality sushi at a relatively affordable price. While the restaurant is small, and lines can be long, the experience is well worth the wait. Sushi Dai’s omakase set includes a range of seasonal fish and seafood that showcases the freshness of the market, making it a favorite among locals and tourists alike.
Sushi Saito (Tokyo)
Sushi Saito in Roppongi is another highly regarded sushi restaurant, holding three Michelin stars and a reputation for exceptional quality. Chef Takashi Saito’s omakase is famous for its delicate flavors, perfect rice texture, and precise craftsmanship. Sushi Saito’s intimate setting and limited seating make for a highly personalized experience. Reservations are essential and can be booked months in advance.
Sushisho Masa (Tokyo)
Located in Tokyo’s Shibuya district, Sushisho Masa offers a unique omakase experience that includes a larger variety of cuts and preparations, often totaling over 30 pieces in a single meal. Chef Masa’s innovative approach combines traditional techniques with creative touches, making this an ideal spot for adventurous sushi lovers looking to try rare and unique types of fish. The intimate counter setting and attentive service add to the memorable experience.
Harukoma (Osaka)
For a more casual sushi experience in Osaka, Harukoma is a popular and lively sushi bar that offers high-quality sushi at affordable prices. Located in the Tenjinbashi shopping arcade, Harukoma is known for its generous portions and fresh ingredients. The friendly, bustling atmosphere and accessible pricing make it a great spot to enjoy authentic sushi without the formality of high-end establishments.
Kyubey (Tokyo)
Kyubey, with its main branch located in Ginza, is a well-established sushi restaurant known for its consistently high quality and attentive service. The chefs at Kyubey are dedicated to providing a memorable omakase experience, carefully selecting seasonal ingredients and preparing each piece with precision. Kyubey offers a welcoming atmosphere and various dining options, making it a top choice for those seeking an elegant yet approachable sushi experience.
4. Conclusion: Enjoying Sushi in Japan
Experiencing sushi in Japan is about more than just the food—it’s an opportunity to appreciate the skill, tradition, and culture behind each piece. From understanding the different types of sushi to observing proper etiquette, a little knowledge goes a long way in enhancing your dining experience. Whether you’re savoring omakase at a Michelin-starred restaurant or enjoying a quick meal at a sushi bar, Japan’s sushi scene offers something for every palate and budget. As you explore, let each bite connect you with Japan’s rich culinary heritage.
