How to take public transportations in Japan

Public transportation in Japan is widely recognized for its efficiency, cleanliness, and punctuality. With an extensive network of trains, buses, and taxis, getting around cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto is not only convenient but also a great way to experience Japanese culture. However, Japan's transit systems can be a bit overwhelming for first-time visitors due to their complexity and numerous options.

This guide covers everything you need to know to confidently use public transportation in Japan, including detailed information on trains, buses, and taxis. We’ll go over how to purchase tickets, navigate stations, and make the most of each mode of transport during your journey.

1. Using Trains in Japan

Trains are the backbone of Japan's public transportation, with an extensive network covering almost every part of the country. The train system includes several types of services, from local trains and subway lines to the high-speed Shinkansen (bullet train).

Types of Trains in Japan

The Japanese train system includes several types of trains:

• Local Trains (普通, Futsū): Stop at every station along the route. Perfect for shorter distances.
• Rapid Trains (快速, Kaisoku): Skip certain stations, allowing for faster travel times compared to local trains.
• Express Trains (急行, Kyūkō): Make fewer stops than rapid trains, and often have a small surcharge.
• Limited Express (特急, Tokkyū): These make even fewer stops, traveling faster and often at a higher fare.
• Shinkansen (新幹線): The high-speed bullet trains that connect major cities across Japan, offering a premium travel experience.

Understanding Train Tickets and IC Cards

In Japan, you can choose between purchasing individual tickets or using an IC card for train travel. Here’s a breakdown:

• Individual Tickets: Tickets can be purchased at vending machines located in train stations. You simply select your destination on the machine’s screen, pay the indicated fare, and receive a paper ticket to enter and exit the gates.
• IC Cards (Suica, Pasmo): IC cards are prepaid, rechargeable cards that can be used across multiple forms of transportation, including trains, buses, and even convenience stores. Tap your card on the reader at entry and exit gates, and the fare is automatically deducted. Suica and Pasmo are the most popular IC cards, and they can be used interchangeably on most networks across Japan.

How to Buy Train Tickets and Use IC Cards

If using a ticket machine:

1. Select your language (English options are available).
2. Choose your destination by finding it on the fare map or by pressing the desired station on the screen.
3. Insert your money and collect your ticket. Proceed to the ticket gate, insert your ticket to pass through, and retrieve it on the other side.

If using an IC card:

1. Buy an IC card from a ticket machine or at a station counter (a deposit fee of around 500 yen is usually required).
2. Charge your card with the desired amount at any charging station.
3. Tap your IC card on the entry gate reader to enter and again on the exit gate to leave. The fare is automatically calculated and deducted from your balance.

Navigating Train Stations and Transferring Lines

Japanese train stations can be large and complex, especially in major cities like Tokyo and Osaka. Here are some tips for navigating them:

• Follow the Signs: Most stations have signs in English, especially near major tourist areas. Look for color-coded signs and arrows pointing toward different lines and exits.
• Use Apps and Maps: Downloading a navigation app like Google Maps or Japan-specific transit apps like “Japan Transit Planner” will help you find the quickest routes, train schedules, and platform numbers.
• Transferring Lines: Some transfers may require a bit of walking, and there will often be signs guiding you to the next platform. Follow color-coded line markers on the floor or walls to ensure you’re on the right path.

2. Navigating Japan’s Bus System

While trains are the main mode of transport in Japan, buses play an important role, especially in areas where train lines are limited. Bus routes are extensive in cities like Kyoto, where they are essential for reaching many of the popular tourist spots.

How to Ride a Bus in Japan

Unlike many countries, where you enter from the front, in Japan, you usually board buses from the back and exit from the front. Here’s a step-by-step on how to ride a Japanese bus:

1. Board from the Rear Door: When the bus arrives, enter through the back door. In many cities, a small ticket machine will dispense a ticket that indicates your boarding stop, especially if the fare is distance-based.
2. Check the Fare Display: Fares are often displayed on a digital screen at the front of the bus, showing the current fare for each boarding point.
3. Prepare to Exit: Press the “stop” button when you’re nearing your destination. This alerts the driver to stop at the next stop.
4. Pay as You Exit: Fares can be paid in cash or by using an IC card (like Suica or Pasmo). If you are using cash, make sure to have the exact fare or use the change machine near the driver.

Paying for Bus Fares

Here’s how to pay:

• IC Card: Just like trains, you can use an IC card for buses. Simply tap the card on the reader near the driver when you exit.
• Cash: If you’re paying with cash, insert the exact fare or use the change machine. Have small coins ready, as large bills are often not accepted.

Types of Buses and Tips for Navigating Routes

• Local Buses: Most commonly used for shorter distances, these buses run frequently in cities.
• Express and Long-Distance Buses: These connect different cities and towns and can be a more economical alternative to trains for long journeys. Reservations may be required for express buses.

3. Understanding Taxi Services in Japan

Taxis in Japan are clean, reliable, and safe, though they are typically more expensive than public transportation options like trains or buses. Taxis are ideal for late-night travel or for areas where public transport is limited.

How to Recognize and Use Japanese Taxis

• Identifying a Taxi: Taxis have a lit sign on the dashboard indicating availability. A red light means the taxi is available, while a green or blue light usually means it’s occupied.
• Door Operation: Taxi doors in Japan open and close automatically, operated by the driver. Simply wait for the door to open before getting in and allow the driver to close it when you exit.

How to Pay for Taxis

Taxis accept cash, and many now accept credit cards and IC cards. It’s always best to confirm payment options with the driver, especially if you are relying on cashless options. Tipping is not customary in Japan, so you do not need to leave a tip.

Communicating with Taxi Drivers

• Show the Destination in Japanese: Most taxi drivers speak limited English, so it helps to have your destination written down in Japanese or to show the driver a map.
• Fare Structure: Fares start at a base rate (usually around 500-700 yen), with additional charges for distance traveled and waiting time.

4. Essential Tips for Using Public Transportation

Here are some final tips to make your transportation experience in Japan smoother:

1. Download Useful Apps

Apps like Google Maps, Hyperdia, or Japan Transit Planner are essential for navigating the public transportation system, especially for planning train transfers and checking schedules.

2. Be Punctual

Japanese trains are extremely punctual, and even minor delays are rare. Be ready to board when your train arrives, as it may only stop for a short time before moving on.

3. Respect Queue Etiquette

At train platforms, people form orderly lines at designated spots. Follow the lines and wait for others to exit before boarding.

4. Keep Noise to a Minimum

Japanese trains are usually very quiet. Avoid talking on the phone, and speak softly if you’re having a conversation.

5. Avoid Eating and Drinking

Eating and drinking on local trains is generally discouraged, though this is more relaxed on long-distance trains like the Shinkansen.

6. Don’t Forget to Tap In and Out with IC Cards

If you’re using an IC card, remember to tap in at the start and out at the end of your journey. Failing to do so can result in extra charges.

Public transportation in Japan is one of the most efficient ways to explore the country, offering easy access to both urban centers and rural landscapes. By understanding the basics of trains, buses, and taxis, you’ll be well-prepared to navigate like a pro. Enjoy your travels and the journey through Japan’s wonderful transit system!